current events

the problem defined

We all know what’s going on at the moment. I don’t particularly want to talk about it. What I’d like to talk about instead is a lesson I learned at work a number of years ago.

I have had the good fortune to be able to observe human beings in their early development over a number of years. You name any issue with adults that you can’t for the life of you figure out why people don’t just … and I will more than likely have a story about a time when … .

Today’s story is about a young man I worked with a number of years ago. More than likely he’s been out of school for awhile and there’s no identifying information so I feel okay about sharing. On this particular day, we were doing word problems, sometimes referred to as story problems —those problems which tell a little story and expect you to figure out what information is relevant, which operation is needed, and how to answer the question. In this particular problem, I believe the target was something like 6 + 4 = 10. This young man could already multiply and divide, so 6 + 4 = 10 was not expected to be difficult for him. He needed to locate the relevant numbers (which he did), determine the operation needed (which he did), and answer the question (which he did).

However the answer he gave was 11.

I asked him to check his work. He did and then told me that his answer was correct. Okay …

I asked him to check again, which is usually a cue that something has been missed. He told me he had already checked and it was correct. Okay …

I pointed to one of the numbers. “What’s this?” I asked.

“Six,” he answered. So far so good.

I pointed to the other number. “What’s this?” I asked.

“Four,” he answered. Curiouser and curiouser.

“And are you adding or subtracting?”

“Adding.”

“Okay. What’s 6 + 4?”

“Ten.” At this point, I wasn’t sure what to think. His calculation was correct, but he demonstrated absolutely no recognition that he had just verbally answered the problem on the page and what he had said was different than what he had written on the page.

“So what is the answer to that problem?”

“Eleven.”

“The answer is ten.”

“No, it’s eleven …”

We went back and forth for a bit, but I ended up giving up before he did because we ran out of time.

The point of this story —and yes, I do have one —is that there is a part of executive functioning known as cognitive flexibility that can be very difficult for some people. We all experience this difficulty to some extent, but there’s ‘experiencing it’ because you’ve received some new information or had something pointed out that you hadn’t considered before and there’s ‘experiencing it’ as though your entire being is being challenged when you need to take apart or reconsider an idea you’ve already formed, even if you can arrive at the correct conclusion in another context. These individuals tend to think in large chunks (missing small errors in logic), loathe editing, and generally have one way to approach problems.

Anyway. Good luck to us all.

i.q.: five things you may not know

What is an IQ?

A person’s I.Q., or intelligence quotient, is determined during the administration of a standardized test. These tests may include a verbal portion (including word definitions and explaining similarities), a nonverbal portion (including recognizing patterns and manipulating geometric forms to make new shapes), a test of memory (which involves remembering and manipulating visual and/or verbal information), and a test of processing speed (which involves rapidly finding and/or writing down symbols).

Some well-known tests include the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, the Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), the Differential Ability Scales (DAS), the Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (CTONI), the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (UNIT), and the Leiter International Performance Scale.

Here are five things you may not know about IQs:

  1. The tests are not standardized on all populations. For example, a test with a verbal component may not have bilinguals or speakers of other languages included in their normative samples. A person with vision or motor difficulties may not be able to see or participate in parts of the test. These people cannot take IQ tests and be reasonably expected to obtain a valid score.

  2. A person may not do well because they are tired, hungry, distracted, pissed off or otherwise bored. Sometimes, believe it or not, people deliberately answer items incorrectly because it’s fun to mess with the examiner.

  3. You can study and train to take IQ tests and inflate your score.

  4. If there is a large difference between scores on different sections of the IQ test, you cannot get an accurate overall IQ score.

  5. A person’s IQ does not determine their value as a human being. IQ is a measure of discrete cognitive skills (specifically verbal-linguistic and visual-spatial skills) and does not include reference to other types of intelligence, such as interpersonal, intrapersonal, musical, or kinesthetic intelligence. It does not measure things like empathy or kindness. It is a way to quantify a small part of what makes a person who they are, assuming you get a number that accurately reflects that part of the person in the first place.

IQs are one of those things that get thrown around a lot in conversation. In case you’ve ever wondered what exactly is being discussed, now you know.

Please treat everyone like a human being and not like a number.